This was posted as a comment on NowPublic in response to Jace's article about Sociopathy and Psychopathy (here):
This is disturbing. Thank you for writing. I will try to differentiate between sociopathy and psychopathy first, as the DSM and most people of authority WONT (and don't know how to [or why it's important to do so]).
- Sociopath's do not typically actively participate directly in the physical harm of others. Sociopathy is an anti-social personality disorder. Read the flawed but accessible "The Sociopath Next Door" by Martha Stout. She does not distinguish between Sociopathy and Psychopathy very well, as it seems to have been a late revision to the book (seemingly previously titled "The Psychopath Next Door," according to web research on Stout and the book). The book is very good at describing and giving examples of sociopathy. Sociopaths try very hard to APPEAR to fit social norms, but this is paranoia and a way of hiding their true motivations: everything they do is a game for themselves to win over others. They tend to stop at direct physical assault (meaning they don't commit murder or cause physical injuries to people, but the psychological damage they do is worse since it's hidden). Sociopaths also may indirectly cause damage, death and other openly malignant effects by way of their antipathetic business decisions. Example: the sociopathic behavior of car companies which do cost analyses on which is more expensive: fixing a known dangerous defect, or dealing with the expected legal compensation the resulting injuries/deaths will cause. They choose the least expensive (more profit bearing) option. This is indirect murder. But you are unlikely to see a sociopath actually, in person, physically injure or assault someone other than their family members (and in those cases, it is in rage and often carefully done to avoid detection by outsiders). I argue that sociopaths do more damage to society because they are rarely, if ever, filtered out like psychopaths tend to be.
- Psychopathy is a related anti-social personality disorder which looks and behaves just like sociopathy with the very important difference that a psychopath is assured of their invulnerability and feels no need to hide their "grandeur" from seeing eyes. Psychopaths will not put out the same effort as a sociopath to APPEAR to fit the social norms. Like a sociopath, everything a psychopath does is a game for their own benefit and amusement. They are not insecure or paranoid like a sociopath. A psychopath WILL resort to direct actions of violence, instructing others to commit violence for them or doing it themselves. This is why they tend to get filtered out of society. In the end, the damage they do is horrific, but it's on a really small scale (with the exceptions of cult leaders who kill their followers in suicide orders).
A sociopath may become a psychopath. There is not much existing data to specify why or how, but it likely depends on the following:
- How successful is the sociopath? If VERY successful, they develop more delusions of security and invulnerability.
- How psychologically damaged is the sociopath from childhood? If there is extreme damage, sociopathy is merely a stage on the road to psychopathy.
Here comes the scary part. The origin of both of these personality disorders, and this is NOT and assessment you will find elsewhere other than dysamoria.com, seems to come from a progression that has roots in autism.
Autistic people are all different. Some cannot function without aid. Others are very high functioning, such as those with high functioning Asperger's Syndrome. Having autism DOES NOT MEAN having anti-social personality disorders.
Explanation: People with generally high functioning autism will not be diagnosed as having any specific developmental challenges. This leads to putting demands on them that they cannot meet due to their very nature. Scholastic, social, whatever. This also leads to abuse from parents (as they push their child to do more than the child is able) and peers (who "observe" differences in the autistic person that make them uncomfortable or just intolerant and rough). Long term exposure to toxic life experiences lead to things like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder. PTSD and BPD are neurological defense mechanisms developed to protect the functioning of the person who is under constant assault. They can go undiagnosed unless specific events trigger stimulus-response behavior. People with BPD tend to develop a tolerance to feelings of remorse, guilt, responsibility to others, and other social norms because they've "learned" through abuse that no one else will protect them except themselves. They develop very "independence obsessed" life goals and are often unable to maintain relationships and employment for very long before they cycle into behaviors that destroy those relationships and workplace harmony (granted, the USA is largely sociopathic in its employment, so a better gauge is personal relationships and how they repeat the same patterns).
BPD has evidence (apparently not officially researched, but very strong in anecdotal examples) of being a stepping stone between an abused autistic and a sociopath.
Why autistics? They are greatly susceptible to and likely targets of abuse. Simple as that. Abuse leads to defense. You would be shocked at the number of people out there who are probably very diagnosable as having BPD (but who are not diagnosed or who are misdiagnosed with ADD/ADHD, bipolar disorder, cyclothemia, etc). It's just as much an epidemic as autism (and why not, since they seem to dovetail so well and appear as cause and effect in an indirect manner).
There is NO REASON to assume ANY autistic person is or will become a sociopath/psychopath. I am simply describing a pathology as I have observed it countless times both first hand and through third parties.
There are MANY MYTHS about autism that are JUST PLAIN UNTRUE.
Autism DOES NOT EQUATE TO:
- lack of empathy.
- naive, inappropriate, one-sided interaction
- little ability to form and sustain friendship
- poor non-verbal communication
These four bullet points are crap that author (and self appointed expert) Tony Atwood wrote, writes and is used as a citation in academic research papers. It's distorted, incomplete, pop-media stereotyping.
- lack of empathy is perceived from individuals who are overwhelmed with empathy and who have shut down to protect their sensitive nervous systems and emotional systems.
- naive is not a curse and is not permanent
- inappropriateness is extremely vague and open to variation in social/cultural norms
- one-sided interaction can ALSO be caused by the total disinterest of the OTHER party. Have you ever tried to tell someone about something that excited you but bored the other person?
- non-verbal communication MAY or MAY NOT be lacking, as this is a LEARNED behavior for ALL humans. If it is lacking, it can be learned through education or mimicry.
Most important:
The myths about autism/aspergers allow people to create assumptions that are dangerous to disabled people who need care, love, nurturing and everything else any other human being needs. To assume these myths are fact is to do a hideous disservice to these persons with a neurologically different brain structure and who already face life challenges. They are not evil, cruel, or fated to become either. If you abuse someone, you WILL create a damaged person. Monsters are not born, they are made.
Since I don't know Zac's age, I can only hypothesize. If he was adopted, it would be important to know the biological parents' histories, behaviorisms, genetics, family history and the age of the adoption. No matter the care you give a damaged person, they are going to receive that care from a distorted perspective. Not knowing about this distorted perspective means you cannot correct for it. If Zac has AS, he also is likely to have other comorbid conditions such as depression, social anxiety and a hard time fitting in. He may have been harassed, abused, neglected, etc., by enough people in his world that his adopted parents know nothing about. Sometimes children do not report these things to their parents because they feel ashamed or embarrassed of their "failures." Also, if they have or wish to have an extroverted personality, they may overcompensate with new behaviors that they mimic from peers. Take the gruff USA male image into consideration and force that onto a child who is sensitive and under assault. Imagine forcing the tough guy attitude onto that child when it is unnatural for him. He tries to fit in by observing others and behaving the same way, usually mechanically, because it isn't natural for them. This is the road to obsessive behavior and type-A personality (among other things). "Control Freaks" come from this kind of upbringing.
Who encouraged Zac to get into sports? Was it encouragement or pushing? What kind of social ties does he have at school and outside? Are his peers arrogant and wealthy? What "castes" has Zac been in during his schooling years? Unless you take all of this, and more, into account, you can't analyze or judge the cause and effects nor work on solutions or corrections.
It sounds to me like Zac is one of the following:
- high functioning autistic with severe sensitivities that have been beaten into numbness and now all of his actions are mechanical and based on personal rewards gains since he has perceived his peers to have become socially acceptable by doing what they do (act like manly, unemotional, testosterone filled sportsmen with lots of access to expensive sporting equipment and obsessed with oneupmanship). In this case, the eulogy was a very well crafted piece of writing designed to simulate what "normal people do" while the second eulogy for the poisoned father was a result of having perceived social reward for the first eulogy. Automatic behaviors without thoughts of consequences outside of personal social acceptance by the larger groups of people. Likely he has BPD and didn't consider the consequences of his actions other than action A leads to reward B. 1+1=2. He may simply have no emotional ties to his adoption parents or have had to repress so much of his native emotional functioning that he no longer knows HOW to emote or experience emotions of empathy, guilt, remorse, etc. This does not mean that he is a sociopath, nor does it mean he is "bad because he has asperger's." Either way, if things happened as you described, he needs intervention with skilled, educated and modern thinking professionals. Avoid any materials by Tony Atwood and doctors/counselors who seem to favor Atwood. Conversely, Atwood has entrenched himself into the AS book community, so don't toss out a potentially good book if he happened to have written a forward or review for one. There is at least one super excellent book that has a forward by him and the book is not diminished at all because of it. Definitely avoid people who assume Atwood's bullet points (as I showed above) are truth and fact. Avoid people who assume Asperger's Syndrome = incapable of empathy. Avoid people who use the DSM like a bible.
- Or, maybe there is neurological trauma that has gone unrecognized. Zac may have suffered neurological damage (brain damage) to portions of his brain that allow the normal processing of information. This means raw information and emotional processing could be impaired. There are many cases to cite and I wont even try to list any. I've written too much here already. It is a fact: the brain is the mind. The mind is the brain. If something is damaged, the organ will not function "normally." It is worth investigating this if Zac is younger than 16. BPD tends to start to be recognizable from 16 and up. Either way, look into this as a potential issue that might have more targeted treatment. He could have AS AND some other kind of neurological issues that are not yet diagnosed.
I hope this information is useful to you in some way. If you would like to communicate directly with those of us at dysamoria.com, please email to dysamoria at dysamoria dot com. If there is any advise we can give beyond this, we'd be happy to try. We are NOT doctors. We cannot officially diagnose or prescribe. We simply have strong personal interests and experiences in these areas and are eager to be as much help to others as possible because we and those we care for have suffered for lack of proper care and knowledge.
Best wishes to you,
-Intransitivus
dysamoria.com